PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.